Sunday, September 21, 2025

UN reviews Genocide in Gaza

The UN General Assembly will soon meet amid recent declarations by the UK, Canada, Australia, and France of intention to support recognition of a Palestinian state.


Decision time for Gaza


Navi Pillay,, chair of the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and Israel, spoke to Host of the CBC Program, the Current, Matt Galloway about the conclusion of that UN commission investigating the war in Gaza that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians as defined by the 1948 Genocide Convention. 


Matt Galloway asked Chris Sidoti, an Australian human rights lawyer and one of the three members of that UN commission, about the issue of intent, which is crucial in a case like this. The UN ambassador for Israel in Geneva, Daniel Meron, said that the report falsely accuses Israel of genocidal intent, an allegation it cannot substantiate.


Chris Sidoti noted the Genocide Convention defines genocide first by means of five categories of act. The report found that four of those categories are acts that have been committed in Gaza by the Israeli forces since October 2023.


Israel has a responsibility to protect its own citizens and its residents. And for that reason, a response to the Hamas attacks of the 7th of October was legitimate, reasonable and necessary. But it had to be proportionate. The commission of war crimes, as we found by Hamas fighters on the 7th of October, does not justify the commission of war crimes by the Israeli forces. It justifies military action, but the military action must be proportionate and reasonable and necessary.


The Commission seeks to, through our reports, increase the prospects of accountability. The courts, both international and domestic, take our reports seriously. The International Court of Justice, for example, when it delivered its advisory opinion on the Israeli occupation of Palestine last July, quoted extensively from our reports. The International Criminal Court, in issuing arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant, in part based their decision making on our reports. (Galloway, n.d.)


Chris Sidoti clarifies that Commission reports are addressed not to Israel and the United States, but to the other 191 countries in the world that have obligations under international law to do something in relation to what is happening in Gaza. We are reminding them of the obligations and we're urging them to act upon them.



An editorial on September 21, 2025 in the Guardian expresses the opinion that UK recognition of a Palestinian state must be a call to action, not conscience-salving.


The mass diplomatic shift is symbolic; the US will continue to block full Palestinian membership of the UN. At best, this is part of a concerted effort to end the war, revive the longer-term prospects for statehood and prevent ethnic cleansing. The UN general assembly overwhelmingly backed a motion calling for a two-state solution earlier this month.

The more cynical reckoning is that governments are scrambling to appease domestic anger at their complicity, and avoiding more substantive steps. Israel looks more isolated by the day. While the Trump administration appears unshiftable, public support in the US too is plummeting. A detailed UN report has found that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. Yet only two weeks ago, British ministers said that the UK had not reached that conclusion.





But formally announcing the UK’s recognition of a Palestinian state on Sunday, Sir Keir Starmer remarked: “The hope of a two-state solution is fading but we cannot let that light go out.” Canada and Australia announced recognition too ahead of the United Nations summit in New York on Monday, in a wave spearheaded by France. (the Guardian, n.d.)


Jason Burke and Jon Henley reported to the Guardian that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza, according to a UN commission of inquiry. The United Nations independent international commission of inquiry (COI), which does not speak on behalf of the UN, found that “genocide is occurring in Gaza and is continuing to occur”, said its head, Navi Pillay.


The COI, set up by the UN in 2021 and staffed by three independent experts, cited the killing of civilians and children in a “scorched-earth military strategy”, starvation and deaths caused by restrictions on food and medicines, mistreatment of detainees, forced displacement and the physical devastation of much of the territory to support its finding.


The COI also accused Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel’s prime minister who has been accused of war crimes by the international criminal court, and other senior Israeli leaders of incitement of genocide, and said there was clear evidence of their genocidal intent, a key legal requirement. (Burke & Henley, 2025)


We are hopefully beginning to see action from the 191 countries in the world that have obligations under international law to do something in relation to what is happening in Gaza.



References

Burke, J., & Henley, J. (2025, September 16). Israel has committed genocide in Gaza, says UN commission of inquiry. The Guardian. Retrieved September 21, 2025, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/16/israel-committed-genocide-in-gaza-says-un-inquiry 

Galloway, M. (n.d.). Home | The Current with Matt Galloway. CBC News. Retrieved September 21, 2025, from https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent 

the Guardian. (n.d.). UK Recognizes Palestine as an Independent State. Latest news, sport and opinion from the Guardian. Retrieved September 21, 2025, from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/sep/21/uk-recognises-palestine-as-an-independent-state 




Wednesday, September 17, 2025

Israel and Accountability in Gaza

An article in the Economist comments that ON MAY 14TH 1948, in its Declaration of Independence, Israel embraced universal human rights “irrespective of religion, race or sex”.





Gaza Casualties chart

(https://ponderpatterns.blogspot.com/2024/05/numbers-propaganda.html)


 The Economist Leaders article on the War in Gaza explains “Why Israel must hold itself to account.” The founding vision of Israel and the laws of war are under attack in Gaza. In its bombed and barren landscape the fate of both lies in the balance.


Gaza shows how this vision is failing. The laws of war are being broken and the system for upholding them is not working. However, that failure does not exonerate Israel from having to answer for its actions in Gaza, including war crimes and crimes against humanity. Indeed, its foundations as a liberal democracy demand that it must.

Worse, Israel’s government, despite its duties as an occupying power, has used the distribution of food to civilians as a weapon against Hamas. It continued even when, as predicted, that led to starvation and the death of desperate people queuing for survival rations. By corralling civilians in pockets as it systematically bulldozes their homes, Israel is also practising ethnic cleansing.

 

  It is not too late. The urgent test is whether Israel floods Gaza with food and medicine in order to stop the incipient famine. It should also agree on a ceasefire, which will enable it to recover its hostages. The second, longer-term test will be whether it sets up a truly independent commission of inquiry after the war ends, probably under a new prime minister. (The Economist Leaders Article, 2025)


David Gritten in London and Imogen Foulkes in Geneva reporting for the BBC comment that a United Nations commission of inquiry says Israel has committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. 


The Israeli military launched a campaign in Gaza in response to the unprecedented Hamas-led attack on southern Israel on 7 October 2023, in which about 1,200 people were killed and 251 were taken hostage. At least 64,905 people have been killed in Israeli attacks in Gaza since then, according to the territory's Hamas-run health ministry.


Most of the population has also been repeatedly displaced; more than 90% of homes are estimated to be damaged or destroyed; the healthcare, water, sanitation and hygiene systems have collapsed; and UN-backed food security experts have declared a famine in Gaza City.


The 72-page document alleges that Israeli authorities and Israeli security forces have committed and are continuing to commit four of the five acts of genocide defined under the 1948 Genocide Convention against a national, ethnic, racial or religious group - in this case, Palestinians in Gaza:


  • Killing members of the group through attacks on protected objects; targeting civilians and other protected persons; and the deliberate infliction of conditions causing deaths

  • Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group through direct attacks on civilians and protected objects; severe mistreatment of detainees; forced displacement; and environmental destruction

  • Deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the group in whole or in part through destruction of structures and land essential to Palestinians; destruction and denial of access to medical services; forced displacement; blocking essential aid, water, electricity and fuel from reaching Palestinians; reproductive violence; and specific conditions impacting children

  • Imposing measures intended to prevent births through the December 2023 attack on Gaza's largest fertility clinic, reportedly destroying around 4,000 embryos and 1,000 sperm samples and unfertilised eggs (Gritten & Foulkes, n.d.)



William Christou in Beirut and agency reporters for the Guardian reveal that the US secretary of state, Marco Rubio, said sanctions were imposed on the rights monitors for having “directly engaged in efforts by the International Criminal Court to investigate, arrest, detain or prosecute Israeli nationals, without Israel’s consent”.


Days earlier, the world’s leading genocide scholars’ association said Israel’s actions in Gaza met the legal definition of genocide, an accusation Israel has denied.


The groups asked the ICC in November 2023 to investigate Israeli airstrikes on densely populated civilian areas of Gaza, the siege of the territory and displacement of the population.

Since filing the lawsuit, the humanitarian conditions in Gaza have worsened significantly, with the territory facing a starvation crisis and more than 80% of its infrastructure destroyed by Israeli bombing. At that point, nearly 10,000 Palestinians had been killed in Gaza – the number of dead is now more than 64,000.


Two weeks ago, an Israeli strike on Nasser hospital in southern Gaza that killed 22 people, including five journalists, raised further questions about Israel’s conduct in the strip.


An investigation released by the Associated Press on Friday cast doubt on Israel’s explanation that its forces had struck a position that was well known as a journalists’ gathering point because they believed a camera on the roof was being used by Hamas to observe troops. The AP said it had gathered new evidence indicating the camera in question actually belonged to a Reuters video journalist who was killed in the initial strike.


The agency noted it had repeatedly informed the army its journalists were stationed there, and that its investigation showed that troops used high-explosive tank shells to strike the hospital, instead of more precise guided weapons that might have resulted in fewer casualties.

 

It said that soon after the first strike, Israeli forces had hit the same position again, after medical and emergency workers had reached the scene to treat the injured. The timing was reminiscent of the “double-tap” technique used by al-Qaida and by forces of the former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, and others.



The three rights organisations released a joint statement condemning the sanctions, which they described as “immoral, illegal and undemocratic”. (Christou, 2025)


Anna Ahronheim,  in an article for the Jerusalem Post, interviewed a former IDF senior officer. After years of silence, the officer, once a key architect of the IDF’s digital transformation, explained how the IDF rewired the battlefield for the first AI war.


 

Seven years ago, the IDF was still shackled to legacy systems, using fax machines, outdated servers, and siloed intelligence. 


Lt.-Gen. (ret.) Aviv Kohavi, the chief of staff at the time, envisioned something radically different: a battlefield where cyber, air, sea, and ground forces operated as one, connected by real-time data and precision targeting. The digital transformation of the IDF was one of Kohavi’s top priorities when he began his term – not only to further strengthen the military but to provide the most advanced capabilities for its troops.

 

Citing the Yom Kippur War, the former senior officer said troops “fought pretty much alone, with support being slow to arrive.” But with the digital transformation, he said, ground troops can call in the target, and it would be struck by the platform best suited to take it out a short time later.

“We implemented AI in order to differentiate between civilians and terrorists,” he said. “We harness AI and technology to focus on the hostile forces.”

 

Critics also say the use of AI to reduce civilian deaths is highly contested, with several investigations finding that AI systems have wrongly identified targets after using faulty data and flawed algorithms.



But the former senior officer pushed back hard on that, calling it “a lie.”



“AI and technology allow you to be more moral,” he said. “Intelligence and precision together allow for a different moral standard. We are implementing and incorporating AI in order to differentiate between civilians and terrorists, and the main rule in international law is the principle of differentiation between fighters and noncombatants.” (Ahronheim, 2025)



Yuval Abraham, a journalist and filmmaker based in Jerusalem, in an article for +972 magazine, in partnership with Local Call, reports that the Israeli army has marked tens of thousands of Gazans as suspects for assassination, using an AI targeting system with little human oversight and a permissive policy for casualties.



A new investigation by +972 Magazine and Local Call reveals that the Israeli army has developed an artificial intelligence-based program known as “Lavender.” 


Formally, the Lavender system is designed to mark all suspected operatives in the military wings of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), including low-ranking ones, as potential bombing targets. The sources told +972 and Local Call that, during the first weeks of the war, the army almost completely relied on Lavender, which clocked as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants — and their homes — for possible air strikes.

“We were not interested in killing [Hamas] operatives only when they were in a military building or engaged in a military activity,” A., an intelligence officer, told +972 and Local Call. “On the contrary, the IDF bombed them in homes without hesitation, as a first option. It’s much easier to bomb a family’s home. The system is built to look for them in these situations.”


The Lavender machine joins another AI system, “The Gospel,” about which information was revealed in a previous investigation by +972 and Local Call in November 2023, as well as in the Israeli military’s own publications. A fundamental difference between the two systems is in the definition of the target: whereas The Gospel marks buildings and structures that the army claims militants operate from, Lavender marks people — and puts them on a kill list.


In addition, according to the sources, when it came to targeting alleged junior militants marked by Lavender, the army preferred to only use unguided missiles, commonly known as “dumb” bombs (in contrast to “smart” precision bombs), which can destroy entire buildings on top of their occupants and cause significant casualties. “You don’t want to waste expensive bombs on unimportant people — it’s very expensive for the country and there’s a shortage [of those bombs],” said C., one of the intelligence officers. Another source said that they had personally authorized the bombing of “hundreds” of private homes of alleged junior operatives marked by Lavender, with many of these attacks killing civilians and entire families as “collateral damage.”


B., a senior officer who used Lavender, echoed to +972 and Local Call that in the current war, officers were not required to independently review the AI system’s assessments, in order to save time and enable the mass production of human targets without hindrances.

 

“Everything was statistical, everything was neat — it was very dry,” B. said. He noted that this lack of supervision was permitted despite internal checks showing that Lavender’s calculations were considered accurate only 90 percent of the time; in other words, it was known in advance that 10 percent of the human targets slated for assassination were not members of the Hamas military wing at all. (Abraham, n.d.)



The superior technology of the IDF has probably contributed to a reduced casualty count for the Israeli forces in the war in Gaza. The horrendous death toll in the Palestinian community raises serious concerns about the possible lack of attention to Discrimination and Proportionality that is a requirement under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Armed Forces with sophisticated tools that could be used to reduce collateral casualties are more accountable for war crimes that result when techniques to reduce civilian harm are ignored. 





References

Abraham, Y. (2024, April 3). 'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza. +972 Magazine. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/ 

Ahronheim, A. (2025, September 17). How the IDF rewired the battlefield for the first AI war - interview. The Jerusalem Post - All News from the Middle East, Israel, and the Jewish World. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.jpost.com/ 

Christou, W. (2025, September 4). US imposes sanctions on Palestinians for requesting war crimes inquiry. The Guardian. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/04/us-sanctions-palestinian-human-rights 

The Economist Leaders Article. (2025, August 7). Why Israel must hold itself to account. The Economist. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/08/07/why-israel-must-hold-itself-to-account 

Gritten, D., & Foulkes, I. (n.d.). BBC News - Breaking news, video and the latest top stories from the U.S. and around the world. BBC. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.bbc.com/news/ 



Sunday, September 14, 2025

Polarization Populism and Plenty of Guns

The murder of Charlie Kirk has generated many comments from across the political spectrum in the United States and around the world.

Good Government avoids Polarization and Populism




Perhaps we need to examine the danger of polarization in the messages of the people who draw large audiences for their political speech. Populism is a technique to gather crowds by telling them what they want to hear and affirming misconceptions and misinformation while avoiding truthful analysis and explanation of reality. When access to a Plenty of Firearms is added to Polarization and Populism, we create the conditions for violence as a response to politicians with whom we disagree. Canada needs to consider how we will deal with these anti democratic dangers as the next election cycle approaches.



Tuesday, September 2, 2025

Humanitarian Double Trouble

The prevention and punishment of genocide, as an international crime, was laid down in a UN Convention adopted in the aftermath of the Second World War. The crime of genocide generally involves the deliberate and systematic extermination of a group.


Press and Health Care Targets


Art. II of the UN Genocide Convention notes that the following acts, if committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, may constitute genocide:

  1. killing members of the group;

  2. causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

  3. deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

  4. imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

  5. forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (Genocide | How Does Law Protect in War? - Online Casebook, n.d.)

 In a blog post in November 2024  Reuters reported that Pope Francis suggests an international study into possible genocide in Gaza.


Reports in the Lancet cited in a blog post in December 2024 and Amnesty International’s research has found sufficient basis to conclude that Israel has committed and is continuing to commit genocide against Palestinians in the occupied Gaza Strip.


A summary of the coverage of famine in Gaza in a blog post provides insight into the cliche that truth is often the first casualty of war. (July 23, 2025).


In recent days the coverage of the conflict in Gaza has raised the question of “Was the ‘double tap’ attack on Gaza’s Nasser hospital a war crime?”


The main rules on hostilities are often said to be humanity, necessity, distinction and proportionality. Humanity is about not inflicting unnecessary suffering. Necessity requires that in applying the other rules a commander should be able to do what they need to “win”, but no more than that. Distinction requires that only lawful objectives should be targeted for attack. Proportionality requires that when a lawful objective is attacked, the expected “collateral damage” should not be excessive to the expected military advantage of the attack. (Sweeney, 2025)



Bethan McKernan in Jerusalem reports for the Guardian on the Karim Khan application for warrants relating to alleged crimes committed during the 7 October attack and the ensuing war in Gaza. The chief prosecutor of the international criminal court has said he is seeking arrest warrants for senior Hamas and Israeli officials for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, and his defence minister, Yoav Gallant, a move that puts the post-second world war rules-based order to the test and presents new challenges for Israel’s western allies.

He named Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas chief in the Gaza Strip, and Mohammed Deif, the commander of its military wing, considered to be the masterminds of the 7 October assault, as well as Ismail Haniyeh, the leader of the group’s political bureau, who is based in Qatar, as wanted for crimes of extermination, murder, hostage-taking, rape, sexual assault and torture.



Netanyahu and Gallant are accused of extermination, causing starvation as a method of war, the denial of humanitarian relief supplies and deliberately targeting civilians. (McKernan, n.d.)



Accusations of war crimes in the manner in which Netanyahu and the IDF are conducting the war in Gaza were given more needed attention as a result of the ‘double tap’ attack on Gaza’s Nasser hospital.



References

Genocide | How does law protect in war? - Online casebook. (n.d.). How does law protect in war? Retrieved September 2, 2025, from https://casebook.icrc.org/a_to_z/glossary/genocide 

McKernan, B. (n.d.). ICC prosecutor seeks arrest warrants for Israeli PM and Hamas officials for war crimes. the Guardian. Retrieved May 20, 2024, from https://www.theguardian.com/law/article/2024/may/20/icc-prosecutor-seeks-arrest-warrants-israeli-pm-netanyahu-hamas-officials-war-crimes 


Sweeney, J. (2025, August 27). Was the 'double tap' attack on Gaza's Nasser hospital a war crime? Here's what the laws of war say. The Conversation. Retrieved September 2, 2025, from https://theconversation.com/was-the-double-tap-attack-on-gazas-nasser-hospital-a-war-crime-heres-what-the-laws-of-war-say-263955